Income Tax Calculator
Estimate federal income tax, effective tax rate, marginal tax rate, after-tax income, and potential refund or balance due.
Estimated refund: $2,206
After-tax income: $62,206
What the numbers mean
Marginal rate is the tax rate applied to the last dollar earned. Effective rate is total tax divided by total income.
Taxable income is gross income minus pre-tax contributions and either the standard or itemized deduction.
Disclaimer
This calculator provides a simplified estimate and is not tax, accounting, or legal advice. Consult a qualified tax professional or use official IRS resources before making tax decisions. This site is not affiliated with the IRS.
Methodology & sources
Every formula on this page is verified against the authoritative publications listed below. Assumptions describe the boundaries of the estimate.
Formulas
- Taxable income = max(Gross income − Pre-tax deductions − Deduction, 0)
- Tax = Σ (amount in bracket × bracket rate) over ordinary-income brackets
- Net tax = max(Tax − Credits − Dependent credit, 0)
- Effective rate = Net tax ÷ Gross income
Assumptions
- Federal ordinary income tax only — no state income tax, FICA (Social Security/Medicare), AMT, NIIT, or self-employment tax.
- No capital gains, qualified dividends, or Schedule-specific treatment.
- Dependent credit is a flat illustrative $2,000 per dependent (real Child Tax Credit has phase-outs and refundability limits).
- Standard deduction assumes no additional amounts for age 65+ or blindness.
Citations
- [1]Rev. Proc. 2023-34 — 2024 inflation-adjusted brackets and standard deduction — Internal Revenue Service.Verified 2026-07-22.
- [2]Rev. Proc. 2024-40 — 2025 inflation-adjusted brackets and standard deduction — Internal Revenue Service.Verified 2026-07-22.
- [3]Publication 17 — Your Federal Income Tax — Internal Revenue Service.Verified 2026-07-22.
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This calculator provides estimates only. Results depend on the values entered and may not account for every individual situation. This site does not provide financial, tax, legal, investment, medical, or academic advice.